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Activity
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Methodology
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Resources
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1. Introduction to unit
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Introduce the unit as the science course chemistry unit, and give a short note which explains the various topics in the unit. Motivate this section by using the Big Scientific Questions information sheet for this unit
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Big Scientific Questions information sheet
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2. Working with the metric system
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a. Practice & reinforcement
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Given a worksheet package on metric conversions, including a) a worksheet which requires recognition of prefixes and quantities; b) a worksheet which identifies the number of zeroes involved in the change, and whether decimal is moved left or right; and c) a series of worksheets which build skill in changing between metric quantities by filling in a table, and answering word problems. These activities provide an introduction to the numerical and problem solving aspects of the course.
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Metric Conversions worksheet package; calculators
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b. Quiz
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Complete a short metric conversions quiz.
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Metric Conversions Quiz
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3. Physical properties of matter
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a. Solids, liquids, and gases
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Remind students of distinction between solids, liquids, and gases. Using a worksheet package, with solids, liquids, and gases sections, review the properties of each, and complete reinforcement questions and a chart summarizing these properties.
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Matter & Energy Science Workshop Series, p. 27, 33, 39; chart recreated from p. 42; reinforcement questions recreated from p. 26-42
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b. Particle theory of matter
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Take a short graphic and text note defining matter, and explaining that all matter is composed of particles (atoms or molecules). Building on knowledge of solids, liquids, and gases use particle theory of matter to demonstrate what these states look like. Define change of state, and give terms for each change (melting, sublimating, etc.) Reinforce with examples of the particle theory at work.
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SciencePower 9, p. 156; SciencePower 9 BLM 5-6
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c. Classifying matter and mixtures
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Using a concept map classifying matter (solids, liquids, gases) reveal that these can be mechanical mixtures, heterogeneous solutions, colloids etc. Demo examples of these, and allow students to record examples in a table.
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Classifying Matter worksheet with space for SciencePower 9 p. 175 given as overhead; Lab List 3-1
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d. Reinforcement
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Complete a package reinforcing phases of matter.
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Phases of Matter Worksheet Package from Matter & Energy Science Workshop Series, p. 26-48
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4. Physical & chemical properties
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a. What are they?
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Using a worksheet table with a list of various physical and chemical properties, and a textbook glossary or scientific dictionary, find definitions for various terms. Space is also provided for examples of many of these properties given in a class demonstration. Demonstration of physical and chemical properties should be done with care and discussion of safety concerns throughout.
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Chemical & Physical Properties worksheet based on Table 5.2 SciencePower 9 p. 164; and glossary; Lab List 3-2
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b. Identifying substances
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Given six samples of unknown solid white substances, students working in pairs, record details about their physical and chemical properties, and attempt to identify them.
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Lab List 3-3; Identifying Substances worksheet; list of properties on overhead
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5. Physical & chemical changes
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a. What are they?
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Take a graphic and text note illustrating the similarities and differences between physical and chemical changes. In the former, the particles (atoms and molecules) remain the same, but the substance looks different. In the latter, the particles (atoms and molecules) change how they are linked to one another, and the substance looks different. Give examples of physical changes (shredding paper, melting ice, chopping wood) and chemical changes (electrolysis, mixing chemicals to form a precipitate, and burning wood). Changes in colour, production of gas, precipitate, or production of heat and light are also chemical changes.
Complete a short worksheet with examples of chemical and physical changes, and space to provide student generated examples.
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notes from Chemical Changes Science Workshop Series, p. 66-72
Chemical & Physical Changes worksheet
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b. Observing a physical change
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Observe the solidification of paraffin wax, and complete a data analysis lab report, with discussion questions about the physical change.
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Lab List 3-4; Cooling of Paraffin Wax Lab Report
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c. Observing a chemical change
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Demonstrate the Blue Bottle Experiment, where a shaking the bottle causes a reaction where solution turns blue, and leaving the bottle for 5 minutes causes a return to a clear liquid. Discuss this as an example of a chemical change occurring.
Students, working in pairs, follow a recipe sheet, and produce their own blue bottles which they submit for assessment. (Make it a competition: the fastest return to clarity indicates the most carefully prepared blue bottle). Several questions on the recipe sheet about the chemical change that is occurring.
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Lab List 3-5; Blue Bottle Experiment Recipe and Questions
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6. Mid-unit review & quiz
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Oral review of unit so far, including reinforcement worksheets.
Quiz emphasizing knowledge/understanding and inquiry
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Matter & Energy Science Workshop Series, p. 25-43; Chemical Changes Science Workshop Series, p. 66-72; quiz
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7. Density
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a. What is it?
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Discuss the concept of density, and take a short note on what density means using a photocopied worksheet with an image illustrating it.
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What is Density? note-taking sheet with image from Matter & Energy Science Workshop Series, p. 148.
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b. Densities of solids
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Following a Densities of Solids lab report, students find the densities of three cube density specimens, and two small irregular objects of an unknown metal (overflow can is used for volume). Questions ask for identification of the metal.
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Lab List 3-6; Densities of Solids lab report
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c. Density formula and problems
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Introduce the formula for density. Complete a series of density related problems which develop skill in re-ordering the density formula. Several problems also require the reading of a density graph of water and another liquid.
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Density Problems worksheet
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8. Atoms, elements, and isotopes
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a. Atomic particles
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Recall that the basic particle discussed earlier in the unit was the atom. Using an Introduction to Atomic Particles note-taking sheet, record information about protons, neutrons, electrons, and their arrangement around the nucleus using a Bohr-Rutherford style diagram.
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Introduction to Atomic Particles note-taking sheet
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b. Elements
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Elements are introduced as a substance containing atoms of only one type. Students become familiar with the periodic table by completing a word search which gives the element symbol as the clue and requires finding the full name of the element.
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Periodic Table; It's Elemental word search from ChemMatters, Dec 1982, p. 16)
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c. Element poster
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Create a poster introducing characteristics of an element of student choice. Internet and encyclopedia resources are used to find information about the physical and chemical properties, appearance, history, uses, and images of the element in use.
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Meet an Element Poster assignment sheet
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d. Isotopes
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Introduce the concept of an isotope. Reinforce that it is the atomic number (number of protons) that identifies the element using two worksheets.
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Elements & Their Isotopes worksheet; and Isotope Sleuthing worksheet
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9. Compounds and chemical formulas
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Take a short graphic and text note, illustrating the concept of charge, how atoms can combine to form ionic and molecular compounds, and the number of atoms of different types gives rise to the chemical formula for that compound. H2O and HCl are drawn as examples of molecular and ionic compounds.
Complete a worksheet requiring identification of the quantities of different elements in some common compounds.
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Interpreting Chemical Formulas worksheet
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10. Understanding the periodic table
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Explain that there is a pattern to the positioning of the elements on the periodic table. Working in pairs, complete an exercise using information cards about made up elements that require creating a periodic table. Answer questions based on the process, and product.
Using a note-taking sheet with a miniature version of the periodic table, indicate periods and groups, and the characteristics of several periods and groups. Define: metals, non-metals, inert gases, halogens, rare-earth metals.
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Chemical Solitaire worksheet containing instructions and a blank periodic table; instructions and questions from SciencePower 9 p. 218; solitaire cards from SciencePower 9 BLM 6-21
Using the Periodic Table note-taking sheet with a shrunk image of the periodic table from Atoms & Elements Science Workshop Series, p. 81
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11. Bohr-Rutherford models
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a. Modeling the first 20 elements
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Discuss the electron shell configurations, and how they fill up (2, 8, 18). Using a simplified periodic table for the first 20 elements, create electron shell diagrams. Answer thinking questions about charge, and the removal and addition of electrons.
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Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams worksheet
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12. Unit review & test
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Unit review package with appropriate summarizing and thinking questions.
Unit test emphasizing knowledge/understanding, making connections, and inquiry.
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Unit 3 Review worksheet package
Unit 3 Test
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